Seed Germination
of Lycopersicon esculentum
Exposed to
Different Sunlight Intensities
A Research Proposal
Submitted to the Faculty of the
Cavite State University
Indang, Cavite
In partial fulfillment of the requirements in
ENGL2 Writing in Discipline
Amorcielo Dimapilis
Nhyll Angelo Acuña
John Mark Cueno
Gladys Sierra
March 2013
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers would
like to express their sincerest gratitude to the people, who, with their help
made the success of the study possible.
To Mrs. Eugenia Matel,
their research professor, for her undying guidance and valuable lessons that
imbued the researchers the spirit to pursue the study;
To Mrs. Eulogia Alano,
for her quality instructions and impartment of vital knowledges in line with
the study;
To the BSA 1-3, batch
2012-2013, for rendering their support and advices, including technical and
moral aids that enabled the researchers to make it through with smiling faces;
To researchers’
parents, for understanding and sustaining the financial needs of the study
without any hesitation or doubt;
And foremost, our
Almighty Father, for lending skills, abilities, strength, courage, talents,
dedication and determination as well as wisdom that led the researchers to
satisfy and successfully reach the requirements of ENGL 2 Writing in
Discipline.
AMORCIELO
DIMAPILIS
NHYLL
ANGELO ACUÑA
JOHN
MARK CUENO
GLADYS
SIERRA
ABSTRACT
Title:
Seed Germination of Lycopersicon
esculentum Exposed to Different Sunlight Intensities
Researchers:Dimapilis,Amorcielo,Acuña,Nhyll
Angelo, Cueno,John Mark,Sierra,Gladys
Course:
Bachelor of Science in Agriculture
Academic Year:
2012-2013
Type of Document:
Research Paper
Name and Address of
Institution: Cavite State University,Indang, Cavite
This study entitled ”Seed Germination of
Lycopersicon esculentum Exposed to Different Sunlight
Intensities” was conducted in the locality of Cavite from February 19, 2013,
and terminated on March 24, 2013. The main point of this study is to acquire
knowledge on which sunlight intensity will induce the fastest seed germination.
The study clearly proven that the
selected sunlight intensity can have a beneficial effect in terms of catalyzing
the rate of seed germination for Lycopersicon
esculentum. Researchers tested the exposure of set ups to different
sunlight intensities. The root of it was to find out which of the sunlight
intensities will suit the best on hastening the germination of Lycopersicon esculentum seeds.
Whichever sunlight intensity is the best
will definitely contribute a lot on farmers who are engaged on small, medium,
or large scale of planting crops that need germination of seeds indirectly to
field. It will help them know another fact for better production.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Acknowledgement
i
Abstract
ii
Introduction……………………………………………………………………1
Research
Paradigm……………………………………………………………..2
Statement
of the Problem……………………………………………………….3
Objectives………………………………………………………………………3
Hypothesis……………………………………………………………………...3
Significance
of the Study………………………………………………………3
Scope
and Limitations………………………………………………………….4
Definition
of Terms…………………………………………………………….4
Review
of Related Literature…………………………………………………..6
Methodology…………………………………………………………………..13
Research
Design……………………………………………………………….13
Participants…………………………………………………………………….13
Research
Instrument…………………………………………………………...13
Data
Gathering Procedure……………………………………………………..14
Results
and Discussions………………………………………………………...15
Summary,
Conclusion and Recommendations…………………………….…...17
Summary……………………………………………………………….…….....17
Conclusion…………………………………………………………….………..18
Recommendations…………………………………………………….………..18
References……………………………………………………………….…..…19
Appendix………………………………………………………………..…....20
Curriculum
Vitae……………………………………………………………….28
LIST
OF TABLES
Title
Page
Date
of Germination of Different Treatment on Tomato Seeds (Replication 1)…….15
Date
of Germination of Different Treatment on Tomato Seeds (Replication 2)…….15
LIST
OF FIGURES
Title
Page
Purchased Tomato Seeds…………………………………………………………….22
Extracted Tomato Seeds……………………………………………………………..22
Sowing of Tomato Seeds…………………………………………………………….23
Boxes Filled With Identical Soil of the Same Source……………………………….24
LIST
OF APPENDIX TABLES
Title Page
Mean,
Median, Mode of Replication1…………………………………………..21
Mean,
Median, Mode of Replication 2……………………………………….…21
LIST
OF APPENDIX FIGURES
Title
Page
Treatments on
Replications 1 and 2
Treatment
1…………………………………………………………………………24
Treatment
2…………………………………………………………………………25
Treatment
3…………………………………………………………………………26
Control……………………………………………………………………………...27
SEED
GERMINATION OF LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM
EXPOSED TO DIFFERENT SUNLIGHT INTENSITIES
Amorcielo Dimapilis
Nhyll Angelo Acuña
John Mark Cueno
Gladys Sierra
A research study presented to the
faculty of Department of Languages and Mass Communication Cavite State
University, Indang, Cavite in partial fulfillment of the requirements in ENGL 2
Writing in Discipline. Prepared under the supervision of Prof. Eugenia Matel.
INTRODUCTION
The subject of this
research paper is about the germination of plant seeds, specifically the
tomatoes, concerning with the use of direct sunlight intensities in different
time of the day to be able to determine what light energy is the best to depend
on for faster germination of seeds and plant production.
Sunlight or solar
energy is very important in plants for the reason that it serves as the food
energy needed for photosynthesis to take place. However, too much light energy
may affect the growth and development of a plant starting from its seed
germination up to the maturity stage or what we call the senescence.
Prior to that, we have
come up with the analysis of germinating tomato seeds which undergoes to
different sunlight intensities. This research is a big help in terms of
agricultural aspects.
Research Paradigm |
 |
||||
 |
|||||
 |
 |
 |
 |
Statement
of the Problem
Which light intensity
is the best to depend on for faster germination of tomato seeds?
Objectives
·
To determine if light energy/ intensity
will affect the germination of Lycopersicon
Esculentum seeds.
·
To distinguish which light intensity
will induce the fastest seed germination of Lycopersicon
Esculentum.
Hypothesis
Null
Hypothesis
Neither
of the different sunlight intensities was the best to depend on for faster
germination of tomato seeds.
Alternative
Hypothesis
Either
of the different sunlight intensities was the best to depend on for faster
germination of tomato seeds.
Significance
of the Study
Based
on what has been conducted, people will surely be benefited by the study
because they will learn more ideas which were clearly proven effective. This
research work is significant in terms of helping people to produce crops in
just a short period of time with the use of the appropriate sunlight intensity.
They will be able to conserve much time for the reason that they’re already
assured on what to do to prevent sudden damage of too much light exposure to
their plants. In this way, this study can help our community economically.
Scope
and Limitations of the Study
The
coverage of the study focused on the observation on the tomato seeds in concern
with the effects of the different light intensities in it. The seeds of tomato
plant were derived from the tomato itself and some were purchased by the
researchers from the agricultural merchandise in the market. This study was
conducted in the locality of Cavite from February 2013 to March 2013.
Definition
of Terms
·
Germination- resumption of growth of the
embryo from resting stage to stage of growth; to cause to develop; sprout.
·
Light intensity- degree of light over a
period of time.
·
Seedbox- a box filled with soil where
the Lycopersicon esculentum seeds are
to be sown.
REVIEW
OF RELATED LITERATURE
Tomato
Tomato, is
today the most popular garden vegetable in America. For many years, however,
tomatoes (then called "love apples") were considered poisonous and
were grown solely for their ornamental value. Tomatoes are usually easy to grow
and a few plants provide an adequate harvest for most families. The quality of
fruit picked in the garden when fully ripe far surpasses anything available on
the market, even in season. The tomato plant is a tender, warm-season perennial
that is grown as an annual in summer gardens all over the continental United
States. Spring and fall freezes limit the outdoor growing season. Hundreds of varieties of tomatoes are now available for the home
gardener. They range widely in size, shape, color, plant type, disease
resistance and season of maturity. Catalogs, garden centers and greenhouses
offer a large selection of tomato varieties and choosing the best one or two
varieties can be extremely difficult. Evaluate your needs, then choose the
varieties best suited to your intended use and method of culture.
Tomato plants fall into one of two types
that affect ultimate plant height and cultural requirements. Tomatoes are determinate if they eventually form a flower
cluster at the terminal growing point, causing the plant to stop growing in
height. Plants that never set terminal flower clusters, but only lateral ones
and continue indefinitely to grow taller are called indeterminate. Older varieties are almost all
indeterminate. These can be counted upon to produce abundant foliage and to
ripen flavorful fruit. They may, however be extremely late in maturing. The
first determinate varieties developed had real problems with inadequate foliage
cover and taste, but they ripened very early. Newer determinates produce better
foliage, may grow taller and ripen fruit of similar quality to modern
indeterminate varieties. They still tend to ripen their fruit over a shorter
period of time, so successive plantings may be desirable with determinates to
keep the harvest coming through the entire season. Determinate vines are easier
to control and support during the growing season. Some of the extreme dwarf
types are determinate as well as dwarf, producing some truly tiny mature
plants. Days to
harvest are generally determined from the time transplants are planted in the
garden (Bohn et.al. 2013). Tomato
Seed Tomato
seed has become a model system of seed germination research. Tomato seed
provides an excellent system for seed germination research, because it has the
embryo and the endosperm, which is essential for analyzing physical and
chemical interactions between these two tissues. Its size is relatively larger
than seeds in other plant species, such as tobacco and Arabidopsis seeds,
making it feasible to dissect into different seed parts, and small enough for
population analyses such as germination tests and biochemical assays (Martinez-Andujar, 2012). Tomatoes and Foot Candles Tomato plants start to synthesize at around 200 foot
candles and for normal
growth, flowering and fruit setting they
need a minimum of 500 preferably
1,000-2,000 foot candles of light.
(Sally,G. 2012.)
How do I start tomatoes from
seed? Get fresh seed. For the best chances
of success, acquire your seeds from reputable commercial sources. As tomato
seeds age, their germination rate decreases. It is best to use seed that is
less than 4 years old; however, seed that is much older can usually be
germinated if has been stored in cool and dry conditions. Get a seed starting mix. Garden soil
is not a good choice, as it compacts too easily and can harbor organisms that
cause diseases. A commercially prepared seed starting mix, usually a
combination of peat moss, vermiculite and perlite, is recommended. Avoid mixes
that have a high fertilizer content, as this causes more problems than good.
Commonly used and recommended mixes are Jiffy Mix, ProMix, MetroMix and Fafard.
Many other brands, or even homemade mixes, can be used. Combine the seed starting mix thoroughly with
warm water to bring it to a useable state. This may take quite a lot of mixing,
as completely dry mixes can be difficult to wet. Sometimes it's best to let the
moistened mix sit overnight to be sure that it is evenly wet. The final mix
should be damp like a wrung-out sponge, not soaked or soggy. Select some containers. Tomato seeds will germinate in anything as
long as the seeds get moisture and warmth. After germination and initial growth,
the seedlings need to be potted up to larger containers. Containers must be
able to drain excess water. If using old or previously used containers, its
best to sterilize them with a 10% bleach solution. Your choice of containers
for potting up depends on the number of plants you desire. Professional
nurseries use growing "flats" with various-sized plastic cell
inserts. Many sizes and kinds of flats are commercially available to the home
grower, but they are not essential. Many home growers use styrofoam or plastic
drinking cups with holes poked in the bottom. Just about anything will work as
long as excess water can drain.
Determine when to start. Many novices fail at starting
tomatoes simply because they start too early. Given the proper care, full-sized
tomato transplants can be grown in 6 to 8 weeks. Before planting seeds, you
must determine when your plants can be safely placed into the garden. Planting
outdoors is best done about 1 or 2 weeks after the average last frost date for
your area.
Ask friends or use web resources to find your average last
frost date, then do the math to calculate your seed starting date.
Plant your seeds. Fill a small container with damp
seed starting mix. Plant your seeds about 1/8 inch (3 mm) deep. Firm the mix
lightly to ensure that the seed is in direct contact with the moist mix. The
seed needs to absorb moisture during the germination process. You can
plant lots of seeds close together because the resulting seedlings will be
moved to larger containers after germination (when the first true leaves
appear). It is a good
idea to provide some sort of covering over your germination containers to
preserve moisture. You can place the container in a plastic bag or cover it
with a sheet of plastic. Allow for some air to circulate but don't let the mix
dry out. Dry seeds will not germinate.
Patiently wait for germination. Place the germination container in a
warm location out of direct sunlight. Light is not needed during the
germination process, but will not be harmful as long as high temperatures are
avoided.
Tomato
seeds usually germinate within 5 to 10 days when kept in the optimum
temperature range of 70 to 80F (21 to 27C). Germination is delayed by lower
temperatures and accelerated by higher temperatures. Temperatures below 50F
(10C) or above 95F (35C) are detrimental to germination. Keep a close eye on the
first seedlings, as they need to be moved into bright light as soon as they
emerge from the soil. They will explosively reach for light, and if the light
is not adequate, you will get 3-inch-long (8 cm long) stems shortly after
germination - this is very undesirable. If this occurs, you could try to
transplant to a deeper container, or you may want to start over. Put the seedlings under light. Very
strong light is needed to support tomato growth. A heated greenhouse is the
ultimate location to continue growing your seedlings. A second choice would be
a cold frame (possibly with supplemental heat for cool nights).Many home
growers use inexpensive fluorescent shop lights. A south-facing windowsill can
work but usually presents more problems than the fluorescent shop light setup. If
fluorescent shop lights are used, the leaves of the plants must be within
inches of the bulbs. Use your own creativity to make a setup that gets the
plants directly under the bulbs. The lights should remain on for 16 to 18 hours
per day. Monitor
the plants as they grow on. Tomato seedlings grow best at a temperature
of about 65F (18C) with some air circulation and lots of light. When watering, most growers
soak the mix and then let it get nearly dry before providing more water. When the plants develop their first
true leaves, they should be transplanted into larger individual containers. The
plants actually benefit from this re-potting step, as it helps them develop a
strong root system. The plants may be set deeply into their new containers to
shorten the height of the seedling. Most commercial seed starting mixtures
have a small amount of fertilizer that will support small seedlings for some
time. Depending on the components of your starting mix, you may need to begin
fertilizing. If you do fertilize, do it very, very sparingly with a weak
dilution. Depending on the size of your containers and your growing conditions,
you may need to pot up a second or third time to prevent your plants from
becoming rootbound. The
plants require good lighting to continue to grow well. Place the plants where
they get plenty of sunlight, and if that is not possible or adequate, use
fluorescent fixtures, or specialized high-intensity grow lamps, or use a
combination of natural and artificial lighting.
Keeping
large tomato plants indoors, under artificial lighting, can be quite difficult.
To avoid problems, don't start too early. The best solution to the lighting
dilemma is to plan your seed starting date so that the transplants reach a
reasonable size along with the arrival of suitable outdoor temperatures. Harden off your transplants. Introduce the plants to outdoor
conditions slowly. This is called "hardening off". If it is not done
slowly your plants may be shocked and their growth may temporarily cease.
The longer the plants remains
indoors, the harder it will be to acclimate them to the outdoors. Avoid full
sun and wind when you first move them outside. Cold
frames can be used to harden off the plants. The covers can remain in place on
inclement days and removed on moderate days. Temporary structures can be built
from plastic sheeting. Buildings and fences can be used to provide sun and wind
protection while the plants adapt to outside conditions. If really cold weather
is forecast <40F (4C), it is best to bring the plants back inside. Freezing
temperatures will destroy your plants (and it happens fast). After the
transplants are hardened off, they can be planted to their final outdoor
growing locations either in the garden or in large growing containers. Most
agree that any early blossoms should be plucked off prior to transplanting.
Others leave the early blossoms in place, especially if the transplant is
strong, healthy, and not root bound.
Effect of Light
Intensity on the Photosynthetic Efficiency on Tomato Plants The
effect of light intensity on the photosynthetic efficiency of tomato plants was
studied by growing Grand Rapid Forcing tomato plants under three different
daily average light intensities, 1139.9, 583.1, and 261.0 foot candles. The
results shows that the responses in stem elongation and leaf area expansion
were both continuously and finally greater when the light intensity was
reduced, showing a negative relationship. It
was indicated that when the light intensity reached a definite average the
fruit would set rather freely and develop. The
percentages of dry matter, ash material, water, fresh weight, and elaborated
food materials correlate rather closely with the light intensity received by
plants. Light intensity variation is the chief cause of differences in plant
efficiency. Basal
plant metabolism and its contributing factors are regulated by the amount of
light received by the plants. The
increase in the multiple correlations (when the elaborated food materials are
the independent variables) over the simple correlations under each degree of
light intensity is evidence that there is interrelation between factors
regulating the plant food manufacture. The coefficients of determination
demonstrate that light intensity alone accounts for 32.4 per cent. Of the
photosynthate variation and that temperature and humidity are negligible factors
only when correlated with light intensity- humidity becoming a critical factor
in photosynthesis when the light intensity is reduced. The
light intensity appeared to have a regulatory effect on the average amounts
of chlorophyll per square meter of
leaf area. The chloroplasts in the leaves arranged themselves so as to get the
greatest amount of light when it was reduced. The
leaf anatomy shows abnormal cell development when the plants are shaded. This
abnormality consists of loosely arranged, irregular spongy parenchyma cells and
a reduction in size, density, and number of palisade cells. It
is evident that light intensity averaging 1139.9 foot-candles daily during the
growth of the tomato plants had a greater effect in promoting chlorophyll formation,
fruit production, and photosynthetic efficiency than light of a daily average
of 583.1 foot-candles, and this, in turn, had a similar greater effect than
that on the plants receiving a daily average light of 261.0 foot candles.
METHODOLOGY
Research
Design
In
this research, the parallel group design was applied. This design was used
because replication one (1), consisting of forty extracted seeds of Lycopersicon esculentum, and replication
two (2), consisting of forty purchased seeds of Atlas F1 breed of Lycopersicon
esculentum plant received the treatment under investigation. In addition, there
were four set-ups each replication and only one variable was manipulated.
Participants
The
researchers used Atlas F1 breed and extracted tomato seeds as their
respondents. These were chosen using random sampling of seeds. Also, the
researchers considered some home growers and local farmers as their
participants. These participants imparted certain knowledge about sowing of
seeds.
Research
Instrument
The
researchers used tables as research instrument. With the help of this
instrument, the datas were collected and recorded from the prepared
experimental set-ups. The researchers easily observed and compared the data
gathered within the study.
Data
Gathering Procedure
On
extraction of tomato seeds, the tomatoes were squashed with hands wearing
sanitary gloves. The seeds were separated and pinched until the mucilages were
removed. The seeds were left for drying on a clean piece of cloth.
Seeds purchased and
extracted were planted at the same time. It was planted in a shoebox of uniform
size filled with uniform amounts of identical soil of the same source.
There were four
set-ups, namely set-up 1, set-up 2, set-up 3 and set-up 4 (the control). Set-up
1 was subjected on morning sunlight intensity from 6:00 AM to 9:00 AM. Set-up 2
was subjected on noon sunlight intensity from 10:00 AM to 1:00 PM. Set-up 3 was
exposed on afternoon sunlight intensity from 1:00 PM to 4:00 PM, and set-up 4
was left inside the room. After the allotted exposure time, the respective
set-ups were stored and covered. All set-ups received equal amounts of water.
RESULTS
AND DISCUSSIONS
The following tables
show the results of experimentation of tomato seeds, which started on February
19, 2013 and stopped on February 24, 2013. The date at which the seed of
particular treatment germinated is recorded.
Table
1. Date of Germination of Different Treatments on Tomato Seeds
(Replication
1)
Lycopersicon
esculentum
Seed
Treatment
|
Time to
Germinate (in Days)
|
T1
(6:00am-9:00am)
|
5
|
T2
(10:00am-1:00pm)
|
5
|
T3
(1:00pm-4:00pm)
|
4
|
Control
|
5
|
The table above
shows the time it took for set of treatments on Replication 1 to germinate.
Treatment 1 took 5 days to germinate Lycopersicon
esculentum seeds, 4 days on Treatment 2, 5 days on Treatment 3, and 5 days
on Control. The Treatment 2 produced the fastest germination.
Table
2. Date of Germination of Different Treatments on Tomato Seeds
(Replication
2)
Lycopersicon esculentum
Seed
Treatment
|
Time to
Germinate (in Days)
|
T1
(6:00am-9:00am)
|
5
|
T2
(10:00am-1:00pm)
|
5
|
T3
(1:00pm-4:00pm)
|
4
|
Control
|
5
|
The table above shows
the time it took for set of treatments on Replication 2 to germinate. Treatment
1 took 5 days to germinate Lycopersicon
esculentum seeds, 4 days on Treatment 2, 5 days on Treatment 3, and 5 days
on Control. Like on Replication 1, the treatment 2 yielded the fastest seed
germination.
SUMMARY,
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
This study entitled ” Seed Germination of Lycopersicon esculentum Exposed to Different Sunlight
Intensities” was conducted at the locality of Cavite from February 19, 2013,
and terminated on March 24, 2013.
On Replication 1, researchers used
extracted seeds for germination. Researchers acquired seeds by squashing the
tomato fruit until seeds spurted out. After getting the seeds, researchers
washed it thoroughly with water. Upon washing, the seeds were pinched so that
mucilages will be removed. The seeds are then placed on a piece of cloth, where
they will be dried.
Dried seeds were planted on a seedbox
with a width of 15 centimeters, a height of 10 centimeters, and a length of 30
centimeters. The seeds were sown with even intervals, and its depth is about 1
centimeter.
The Replication 2, where seeds used for
germination was purchased on the market, did not undergo on any other processes.
They were planted directly on seedbox, at the same time when extracted seeds
were planted. Same process of planting was done on Replication 2.
Each replication have three (3)
treatments and a control set up. Treatment 1 was exposure to morning light intensity
(6:00 AM to 9:00 AM), Treatment 2 was exposure to noon light intensity (10:00
AM to 1:00 PM), and Treatment 3 was exposure to afternoon light intensity (1:00
PM to 4:00 PM). The control set up does not got exposure on sunlight and is
only stored inside the house. At the time of exposure, the particular treatment
is only exposed, the other treatments were just stored. All of the st ups
receive the same amount of water. Researchers observed the time it takes for
seeds to germinate.
Conclusion
Based from the results
obtained, it is concluded that the afternoon sunlight
intensity from 1:00 PM
to 4:00 PM has the fastest capability in terms of germinating tomato seeds. It
shows the best outcome among the other set-ups observed, thus, it is the most
preferred intensity to depend on for tomato seed germination.
Recommendations
The researchers
recommend that in germinating tomato seeds, the use of afternoon sunlight
intensity is the most appropriate intensity. However, proper exposure must be considered to acquire a good
production. The intensity needed also depends on the plant itself.
REFERENCES
Bohn,J.,
Hauser,R.,Lawson,J.,Lockmiller,J.,Magsamen,L.,McClure,K.,Merchen,N., Mosser,W.,Rogers, L., Seybert,K.,
Thompson,J., Vogen,J.(2013).Urban
programs resource network.Retrieved 22 March 2013,from http://urbanext.illinois.edu/veggies/tomato.cfm
Crucido,
S., Velasco,A., Isidro, M., Bago,L.(1999). Performance of mangosteen
seedlings as affected by arbuscular
mycorrhizal fungi and different fertilizers. CvSU
research journal,13,29-30.
How do I start tomatoes from seed? (2005).GardenWeb.Retrieved 11 March 2013,from http://faq.gardenweb.com/faq/lists/tomato/2005015135020413.html
Lapitan,Sr.,
L.C. (1996). Photosynthetic responses of crops to sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen
dioxide (NO2).
DSAC research journal,10,27.
Martinez,A.
(2012). Tomato seed research. The plant
journal, 71, 575-586.
http://hort.oregonstate.edu/isb/tomatoresearch.html
Mish,F.C.(2004.)The merriam-webster dictionary.United
States of America:Merriam- Webster,Incorporated.
Porter,
A.M. (1937). Effect of light intensity on the
photosynthetic efficiency on tomato plants.Plant Physiology,12,250-251.Retrieved 11 March 2013, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC439295/
Raven,
Peter H.; Ray F. Evert, Susan E. Eichhorn (2005). Biology
of plants.Wikipedia. Retrieved 11 March 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germination
Redenbaugh,
K.; Hiatt, B.; Martineau, B.; Kramer, M.; Sheehy, R.; Sanders, R.; Houck, C.;
Emlay, D. (1992). Safety
Assessment of Genetically Engineered Fruits and Vegetables: A case study of the
flavr savr tomato. CRC Press. p. 288. Retrieved 11 March 2013,from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomato#cite_ref-33
Sally,G. (15
August 2009). Tomatoes and food candles. Tomato
lover. Retrieved 11 March 2013, from
http://tomatolover.com/tomatoes-and-foot-candles/
APPENDIX
APPENDIX
TABLES
Table 3. Mean, Median, Mode
(Replication 1)
Treatment
|
Mean
|
Median
|
Mode
|
T1
|
5
|
5
|
5
|
T2
|
4
|
4
|
4
|
T3
|
5
|
5
|
5
|
Control
|
5
|
5
|
5
|
Total
|
4.75
|
4.5
|
5
|
Table
shows that the mean of time it took for Lycopersicon
esculentum in Replication 1 to germinate is 4.75 days. The median is 4.5
days, and the mode is 5 days.
Table 4. Mean, Median, Mode
(Replication 2)
Treatment
|
Mean
|
Median
|
Mode
|
T1
|
5
|
5
|
5
|
T2
|
4
|
4
|
4
|
T3
|
5
|
5
|
5
|
Control
|
5
|
5
|
5
|
Total
|
4.75
|
4.5
|
5
|
Table
shows that the mean of time it took for Lycopersicon
esculentum in Replication 2 to germinate is 4.75 days. The median is 4.5
days, and the mode is 5 days, noticably the same as Replication 1.
Purchased Tomato Seeds
Extracted Tomato Seeds
Sowing of Tomato Seeds
Boxes Filled With Identical Soil of
the Same Source
Treatment 1
(6:00AM to 9:00 AM)
Treatment 2 ( 10:00AM to 1:00 PM)
Treatment 3 (1:00 PM to 4:00PM)
Treatment 3 (1:00 PM to 4:00PM)
Treatment 4 (Control)
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